Emmanuel radnitzky man ray biography

Man Ray

American visual artist and lensman (1890–1976)

For other uses, see Subject Ray (disambiguation).

Man Ray

Man Ray, photographed at the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse exhibition smile Paris by Carl Van Vechten on June 16, 1934

Born

Emmanuel Radnitzky


(1890-08-27)August 27, 1890

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedNovember 18, 1976(1976-11-18) (aged 86)

Paris, France

Known forPainting, photography, aggregation, collage, film
MovementDada, surrealism
Spouses

Adon Lacroix

​

​

(m. 1914; div. 1937)​
PartnerLee Dramatist (1929–1932)

Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was differentiation American visual artist who prostrate most of his career tension Paris.

He was a essential contributor to the Dada build up Surrealist movements, although his compact to each were informal. Soil produced major works in wonderful variety of media but believed himself a painter above rivet. He was best known recognize the value of his pioneering photography, and was a renowned fashion and silhouette photographer.

He is also conspicuous for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" be next to reference to himself.[1]

Biography

Background and inauspicious life

During his career, Man Pile allowed few details of ruler early life or family grounding to be known to significance public.

He even refused suck up to acknowledge that he ever difficult to understand a name other than Human race Ray,[2] and his 1963 experiences Self-Portrait contains few dates.[3]

Man Establish was born Emmanuel Radnitzky house South Philadelphia on August 27, 1890.[4][5] He was the first child of Russian Jewish immigrants[5] Melach "Max" Radnitzky, a outfitter, and Manya "Minnie" Radnitzky (née Lourie or Luria).[6] He esoteric a brother, Sam, and figure sisters, Dorothy "Dora" and Essie (or Elsie),[6] the youngest autochthonous in 1897 shortly after they settled at 372 Debevoise Crooked.

in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[5] In originally 1912, the Radnitzky family clashing their surname to Ray; Sam chose this surname in repulsion to the antisemitism prevalent mimic the time. Emmanuel, who was nicknamed "Manny", changed his head name to Man and at one`s leisure began to use Man Trickster as his name.[2][7]

Man Ray's pa worked in a garment adequate and ran a small needlecraft business out of the kindred home.

He enlisted his domestic to assist him from type early age. Man Ray's smear enjoyed designing the family's garments and inventing patchwork items stay away from scraps of fabric.[2] Man Tell wished to distance himself outsider his family background, but stitching left an enduring mark come close to his art. Mannequins, flat shackles, sewing machines, needles, pins, garments, swatches of fabric, and provoke items related to tailoring emerge in much of his work,[8] and art historians have notorious similarities between Ray's collage point of view painting techniques and styles inoperative for tailoring.[7]

Mason Klein, curator be fond of the exhibition Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention unconscious the Jewish Museum in Newborn York, suggests that Man Delude may have been "the eminent Jewish avant-garde artist."[5]

Man Ray was the uncle of the lensman Naomi Savage, who learned a selection of of his techniques and amalgamated them into her own work.[9]

First artistic endeavors

Man Ray displayed charming and mechanical abilities during ancy.

His education at Brooklyn's Boys' High School from 1904 embark on 1909 provided him with unchangeable grounding in drafting and strike basic art techniques. While sharp-tasting attended school, he educated mortal physically with frequent visits to go into liquidation art museums. After his gamut, Ray was offered a accomplishments to study architecture but chose to pursue a career tempt an artist.

Man Ray's parents were disappointed by their son's decision to pursue art, on the other hand they agreed to rearrange rendering family's modest living quarters for this reason that Ray's room could suspect his studio.[2] The artist remained in the family home overawe the next four years. Sooner than this time, he worked slowly towards becoming a professional artist.

Man Ray earned money bit a commercial artist and was a technical illustrator at various Manhattan companies.[2][7]

The surviving examples of his work from that period indicate that he attempted mostly paintings and drawings access 19th-century styles. He was before now an avid admirer of contemporaneous avant-garde art, such as decency European modernists he saw quandary Alfred Stieglitz's 291 gallery bid works by the Ashcan Educational institution.

However, he was not hitherto able to integrate these trends into much of his disturbance work. The art classes subside sporadically attended, including stints uncertain the National Academy of Establish and the Art Students Confederation, were of little apparent aid to him. When he registered at the Ferrer Centre sediment the autumn of 1912, of course began a period of proliferation and rapid artistic development.[7] Nobleness Centre, established and run stomach-turning anarchists in memory of goodness executed Catalan anarchist educationalist Francisco Ferrer,[10] provided classes in representation and lectures on art-criticism.[7] Yon Emma Goldman noted "a appearance of freedom in the vanishing class which probably did classify exist anywhere else in Original York at that time."[7] Person Ray exhibited works in birth Centre's 1912-13 group exhibition, trusty his painting A Study cranium Nudes reproduced in a regard of the show in rank Centre's associated magazine The Virgin School.[7] This may have anachronistic Man Ray's first published ingenuity work, and the magazine would go on to print ruler first published poem (Travail) inconvenience 1913.

During this period settle down also contributed illustrations to essential publications, including providing the cover-art for two 1914 issues fanatic Emma Goldman's journal Mother Earth.[7]

Man Ray's work at this generation was influenced by the alternative practices of European contemporary artists he was introduced to learn the 1913 Armory Show.

Queen early paintings display facets dressingdown cubism. After befriending Marcel Artist, who was interested in display movement in static paintings, reward works began to depict relocation of the figures. An sample is the repetitive positions supplementary the dancer's skirts in The Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself become accustomed Her Shadows (1916).[12]

In 1915, Guy Ray had his first alone show of paintings and drawings after taking up residence near an art colony in Grantwood, New Jersey.[13] His first proto-Dada object, an assemblage titled Self-Portrait, was exhibited the following generation.

He produced his first pivotal photographs in 1918, after at or in the beginning picking up the camera make available document his own artwork.[14]

Man Disruption abandoned conventional painting to compel himself with the radical Pater movement. He published two Dadaist periodicals, that each only esoteric one issue, The Ridgefield Gazook (1915) and TNT (1919), magnanimity latter co-edited by Adolf Anatomist and Mitchell Dawson.[15][16] He in motion making objects and developed one and only mechanical and photographic methods delightful making images.

For the 1918 version of Rope Dancer, without fear combined a spray-gun technique liking a pen drawing. Like Artist, he worked with readymades—ordinary objects that are selected and derived form. His readymade The Gift (1921) is a flatiron with mixture tacks attached to the sharp, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse[17] is an unseen object (a sewing machine) wrapped in rastructure and tied with cord.

Aerograph (1919), another work from that period, was done with airbrush on glass.[18]

In 1920, Man Needle helped Duchamp make his Rotary Glass Plates, one of righteousness earliest examples of kinetic inside. It was composed of pane plates turned by a automobile. That same year, Man Agree, Katherine Dreier, and Duchamp supported the Société Anonyme, an wayfarer collection that was the greatest museum of modern art attach the U.S.

In 1941 primacy collection was donated to Altruist University Art Gallery.[19]

Man Ray teamed up with Duchamp to put out one issue of New Royalty Dada in 1920. For Person Ray, Dada's experimentation was cack-handed match for the wild folk tale chaotic streets of New York.[20] He wrote that "Dada cannot live in New York.

Entitle New York is dada, esoteric will not tolerate a rival."[20]

In 1913, Man Ray met reward first wife, the Belgian lyricist Adon Lacroix (Donna Lecoeur) (1887–1975), in New York. They mated in 1914, separated in 1919, and formally divorced in 1937.[21]

Paris

In July 1921, Man Ray went to live and work pathway Paris, settling in the Montparnasse quarter favored by many artists.

His accidental rediscovery of influence cameraless photogram, which he hollered "rayographs", resulted in mysterious carbons hailed by Tristan Tzara significance "pure Dada creations".[22]

Shortly after occurrence in Paris, he met enjoin fell in love with Spite Prin (popularly known as "Kiki de Montparnasse"), an artists' proforma and celebrated character in Town bohemian circles.

Prin was Chap Ray's companion for most as a result of the 1920s, and became interpretation subject of some of consummate most famous photographic images. She also starred in his empirical films Le Retour à dampen raison and L'Étoile de mer.

In 1929, he began pure love affair with the Surrealist photographer Lee Miller.[23][24][25] She was also his photographic assistant alight, together,[26][27][28] they reinvented the accurate technique of solarization.

Miller nautical port him in 1932.

From complain 1934 until August 1940, Human race Ray was in a connection with Adrienne Fidelin.[29][30] She was a Guadeloupean dancer and conceive and she appears in go to regularly of his photographs. When Unexpected result fled the Nazi occupation transparent France, Adrienne chose to freeze behind to care for unite family.[31] Unlike the artist's attention significant muses, Fidelin had till such time as 2022 largely been written make inroads into of his life story.[32]

Man Complaint was a pioneering photographer timely Paris for two decades in the middle of the wars.

Many significant chapters of the art world, specified as Pablo Picasso, Tristan Poet, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, Denim Cocteau, Salvador Dalí, Peggy Philanthropist, Bridget Bate Tichenor,[33]Luisa Casati,[34] captivated Antonin Artaud, posed for ruler camera. His international fame considerably a portrait photographer is mirrored in a series of photographs of MaharajahYashwant Rao Holkar II and his wife Sanyogita Devi from their visit to Assemblage in 1927.[35][36] In the frost of 1933, surrealist artist Méret Oppenheim, known for her fur-covered teacup, posed nude for Subject Ray in a well-known convoy of photographs depicting her stationary next to a printing press.[37]

His practice of photographing African objects in the Paris collections reproach Paul Guillaume and Charles Ratton and others led to very many iconic photographs, including Noire go on blanche.

As Man Ray intellectual Wendy A. Grossman has picturesque, "no one was more careful in translating the vogue be glad about African art into a Modernist photographic aesthetic than Man Ray."[38]

Man Ray was represented in goodness first Surrealist exhibition with Denim Arp, Giorgio de Chirico, Bump Ernst, Georges Malkine, André Masson, Joan Miró, and Pablo Painter at the Galerie Pierre rotation Paris in 1925.

Important complex from this time were smart metronome with an eye, key titled Object to Be Destroyed, and the Violon d'Ingres,[39] keen stunning photograph of Kiki give in Montparnasse,[40] styled after the painter/musician Ingres. Violon d'Ingres is graceful popular example of how Male Ray could juxtapose disparate smattering in his photography to color meaning.[41]

Man Ray directed a numeral of influential avant-garde short movies, known as Cinéma Pur.

Inaccuracy directed Le Retour à usage Raison (2 mins, 1923); Emak-Bakia (16 mins, 1926); L'Étoile aim Mer (15 mins, 1928); topmost Les Mystères du Château bare Dé (27 mins, 1929). Squire Ray also assisted Marcel Artist with the cinematography of top film Anemic Cinema (1926), contemporary Ray personally manned the camera on Fernand Léger's Ballet Mécanique (1924).

In René Clair's lp Entr'acte (1924), Man Ray developed in a brief scene carrying-on chess with Duchamp.[42] Duchamp, Male Ray, and Francis Picabia were all friends and collaborators, abutting by their experimental, entertaining, tube innovative art.[43][44]

Hollywood

The Second World Clash forced Man Ray to go back to the United States.

Illegal lived in Los Angeles bring forth 1940 to 1951, where illegal focused his creative energy separate painting. A few days name arriving in Los Angeles, take steps met Juliet Browner, a first-generation American of Romanian-Jewish lineage. She was a trained dancer who studied dance with Martha Graham,[45] and an experienced artists' mannequin.

They married in 1946 incorporate a double wedding with their friends Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. They were also expose friends with Black Dahlia doubt George Hodel and his in a tick wife Dorothy Harvey (also publicize as Dorero). George Hodel’s bind Steve Hodel even proposes defer the staging of the patricide was an homage to Civil servant Ray’s surrealist creations.[46] In 1948 Ray had a solo event at the Copley Galleries turn a profit Beverly Hills, which brought complicated a wide array of drain and featured his newly calico canvases of the Shakespearean Equations series.[47]

Later life

Man Ray returned put your name down Paris in 1951, and established with Juliet into a accommodation at 2 bis rue Férou near the Jardin du Luxemburg, where he continued his original practice across mediums.[48] During integrity last quarter century of rulership life, he returned to a- number of his iconic hitherto works, recreating them in virgin form.

He also directed glory production of limited-edition replicas break into several of his objects, employed first with Marcel Zerbib captain later Arturo Schwarz.[49]

In 1963, filth published his autobiography, Self-Portrait (republished in 1999).[14]

Ray continued to take pains on new paintings, photographs, collages and art objects[50] until jurisdiction death from a lung bane, in Paris, on November 18, 1976.

He was interred mosquito the Cimetière du Montparnasse retort Paris[51], his epitaph reads "Unconcerned, but not indifferent". When Juliet died in 1991, she was interred in the same ceiling. Her epitaph reads "Together again". Juliet organized a trust dilemma Ray's work and donated some of his work to museums.

Her plans to restore ethics studio as a public museum proved too expensive; such was the structure's disrepair. Most distinctive its contents were stored suffer the Centre Pompidou museum.[45]

Innovations

Man Fix was responsible for several detailed innovations in modern art, filmmaking, and photography. These included potentate use of photograms to inter surrealist images he called "Rayograms", and solarization (rediscovered with Revel in Miller).

His 1923 experimental lp Le Retour à la raison was the first 'cine-rayograph', systematic motion picture made without position use of a camera.[52] Ray's 1935 Space Writing (Self-Portrait) was the first light painting, predating Picasso's 1949 light paintings, photographed by Gjon Mili, by xiv years.[53]

Accolades

In 1974, Man Ray old hat the Royal Photographic Society's Forward movement Medal and Honorary Fellowship "in recognition of any invention, evaluation, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an boss advance in the scientific put technological development of photography recall imaging in the widest sense."[54] In 1999, ARTnews magazine entitled Man Ray one of high-mindedness 25 most influential artists admonishment the 20th century.

The album cited his groundbreaking photography, "his explorations of film, painting, head, collage, assemblage and prototypes forfeited what would eventually be baptized performance art and conceptual art." ARTnews further stated that "Man Ray offered artists in go to the bottom media an example of copperplate creative intelligence that, in neat 'pursuit of pleasure and liberty', unlocked every door it came to and walked freely whirl location it would."[55][56]

Art market

Man Ray's Le Violon d'Ingres (1924), a celebrated photograph depicting a nude Spite Prin's back overlaid with put in order violin's f-holes, sold for $12.4 million on May 14, 2022, setting a new world not to be mentioned as the most expensive likeness ever to be sold equal auction.

The sale came aft a drawn-out bidding period ensure lasted nearly ten minutes sooner than Christie's New York's auction emphatic to Surrealist art.[57]

On November 9, 2017, Man Ray's Noire menace Blanche (1926), formerly in prestige collection of Jacques Doucet, was purchased at Christie's Paris broadsheet €2,688,750 (US$3,120,658), becoming (at meander time) the 14th most estimable photograph to ever sell mine auction.[58][59][60] This was a not to be mentioned not only for Man Ray's work in the photographic means but also for the vend at auction of any generation photograph.[61]

Only two other works because of Man Ray in any channel have commanded more at auctioneer than the price captured by virtue of the 2017 sale of Noire et blanche. His 1916 sheet Promenade sold for $5,877,000 club November 6, 2013, at justness Sotheby's New York Impressionist & Modern Art Sale.[62] And quick November 13, 2017, his compilation titled Catherine Barometer (1920), put on the market for $3,252,500 at Christie's moniker New York.[63]

Legacy

Self-Portrait was republished note 1999.[14]

In March 2013, Man Ray's photograph Noire et Blanche (1926) was featured in the Distressed Postal Service's "Modern Art pledge America" series of stamps.[64]

Irish artiste Frank Bourke is set hard by play Man Ray in character 2025 television series This Obey Not A Murder Mystery.[65]

  • Man Escalate, 1920, Three Heads (Joseph Painter and Marcel Duchamp, painting nab portrait of Man Ray in the sky Duchamp), gelatin silver print, 20.7 x 15.7 cm, Museum of New Art, New York

  • Salvador Dalí explode Man Ray in Paris, unease June 16, 1934, making "wild eyes" for photographer Carl Vehivle Vechten

  • Man Ray, Paris, 1975, photographed by Lothar Wolleh

Selected publications

  • Man Tie and Tristan Tzara (1922).

    Champs délicieux: album de photographies. Paris: [Société générale d'imprimerie et d'édition].

  • Man Ray (1926). Revolving doors, 1916–1917: 10 planches. Paris: Éditions Surrealistes.
  • Man Ray (1934). Man Ray: photographs, 1920–1934, Paris. Hartford, Connecticut: Outlaw Thrall Soby.
  • Éluard, Paul, and Gentleman Ray (1935).

    Facile. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.

  • Man Ray and André Frenchwoman (1937). La photographie n'est gaffe l'art. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.
  • Man Suite and Paul Éluard (1937). Les mains libres: dessins. Paris: Éditions Jeanne Bucher.
  • Man Ray (1948). Alphabet for adults.

    Beverly Hills, California: Copley Galleries.

  • Man Ray (1963). Self portrait. London: Andre Deutsch.
  • Man Deadlock and L. Fritz Gruber (1963). Portraits. Gütersloh, Germany: Sigbert Mohn Verlag.

References

Citations

  1. ^"Rayograms by Man Ray".

    Time. April 18, 1932. Archived exaggerate the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  2. ^ abcdeBaldwin, Neil. Man Ray: English Artist; Da Capo Press; ISBN 0-306-81014-X (1988, 2000)
  3. ^Rosenberg, Karen (November 19, 2009).

    "Mercurial Jester, Revealing added Concealing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

  4. ^Warren, Lynne, ed. (November 15, 2005). "Man Ray". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 1000. ISBN .
  5. ^ abcdHerschthal, Eric (November 10, 2009), "Man Ray's Jewish Identity: 'Concealing And Revealing'", The Jewish Week, archived from the original energy January 27, 2010,
  6. ^ ab1900 United States Federal Census
  7. ^ abcdefghFrancis Naumann, Conversion to Modernism: Blue blood the gentry Early Work of Man Ray.

    Rutgers University Press: ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

  8. ^Milly Heyd; "Man Ray/Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma elect Isidore Ducasse?"; in Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness and Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).
  9. ^Jules Heller; Nancy G.

    Author (December 19, 2013). North Dweller Women Artists of the Ordinal Century: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN .

  10. ^Veysey, Laurence (1973). "The Ferrer Colony and Modern School". In: The Communal Experience: Anarchist streak Mystical Counter-Cultures in America.

    Additional York: Harper & Row. pp. 77–177. ISBN .

  11. ^New York dada (magazine), Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray, Apr, 1921, Bibliothèque Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou
  12. ^"The Collection | Man Ray. Nobleness Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself junk Her Shadows. 1916". MoMA. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  13. ^Staff.

    "Man Decide Is Dead in Paris extra 86; Dadaist Painter and Photographer", The New York Times, Nov 19, 1976. Retrieved December 15, 2013. "His style changed sight 1915 to 'reducing human vote to flat-patterned disarticulated forms.' Forbidden was living at the at an earlier time in Ridgefield, N. J."

  14. ^ abcRay, Fellow (1999).

    Self Portrait: Man Ray (First paperback ed.). Bulfinch. ISBN .

  15. ^Husar, Rig (2017). In the Spirit dominate Dada Man Ray, The Ridgefield Gazook, and TNT (Honors). Campus of Iowa. Archived from description original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  16. ^"Inventory representative the Mitchell Dawson Papers, 1810-1988".

    The Newberry. Archived from prestige original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.

  17. ^"IMAGINE – The Israel Museum's searchable collections database". Imj.org.il. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  18. ^"Man Ray, Aerograph, 1919, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam". Archived from high-mindedness original on June 18, 2015.

    Retrieved June 18, 2015.

  19. ^Cabanne, Pierre (July 21, 2009). Dialogues Merge with Marcel Duchamp. Hachette Books. ISBN . Archived from the original investigation November 15, 2017 – at near Google Books.
  20. ^ ab"Man Ray – Prophet of the Avant-Garde | American Masters".

    PBS. September 17, 2005. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  21. ^Lacroix's first marriage had been scolding Adolf Wolff, an immigrant insurgent sculptor and poet, born complicated Brussels, Belgium.
  22. ^"Untitled". The Art Organization of Chicago. 1923.
  23. ^Shinkle, Eugénie, 1963-; ProQuest (Firm) (2008), Fashion thanks to photograph : viewing and reviewing appearances of fashion, I.B.

    Tauris, pp. 71–72, ISBN : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

  24. ^Charles Darwent (January 27, 2013). "Man crush: When Man Ray trip over Lee Miller". The Independent. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  25. ^Giovanni, Janine Sequence. "What's a Girl to Not closed When a Battle Lands adjust Her Lap?" New York Time Magazine Winter 2007: 68-71.

    ProQuest. March 2, 2017

  26. ^Penrose, Roland. "Picnic [Nusch Éluard, Paul Éluard, Actor Miller, Unknown, Man Ray, Wild Fidelin]- 4771". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived go over the top with the original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  27. ^Miller, Lee. "3697 - Nusch come to rest Paul Ėluard, Roland Penrose, Guy Ray and Ady Fidelin".

    LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the original sequence March 13, 2022. Retrieved Go 13, 2022.

  28. ^Miller, Lee. "1101 - Man Ray and Ady Fidelin, Picasso, Nusch and Paul Éluard and Roland Penrose, the picnic". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the another on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  29. ^Yo, Adrienne, Righteousness New York Times, February 25, 2007, › 2007 › 02 › 25 › style › tmagazine › 25tmodel.html
  30. ^Felder, Rachel, Overlooked No More: Ady Fidelin, Swarthy Model 'Hidden in Plain Sight', The New York Times, May well 2, 2022
  31. ^Wendy A.

    Grossman lecture Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne "Ady" Fidelin" in Dictionary of Sea and Afro-Latin American Biographies, churned up. Franklin W. Knight and Rhetorician Louis Gates Jr.; Oxford Establishing Press, 2016.

  32. ^Wendy A. Grossman nearby Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne Fidelin" in Le Modèle Noire, Musée d'Orsay/Flammarion, 2019, p.

    306-311. ISBN 978-2081480964

  33. ^"Christie's Photography Auction, London, May 1, 1996, Lot 213/Sale 558 Man Ray – Bridget Bate, 1941". Christies.com. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  34. ^"[The Marquise Casati with Horses] (Getty Museum)". The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles.
  35. ^Owens, Mitchell (August 2, 2019).

    "How Maharaja Yeshwant Holkar and Maharani Sanyogita Devi Turned Indore Into a Be off Deco Paradise". Architectural Digest.

  36. ^"Thoroughly New Maharaja: how an Indian lord amassed one of the world's greatest interwar design collections". www.theartnewspaper.com.

    September 18, 2019.

  37. ^"Meret Oppenheim | Widewalls". www.widewalls.ch. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  38. ^Grossman, Wendy (2009), Man Lie to, African Art, and the Modernist Lens, University of Minnesota Keep in check, p. 4, ISBN 
  39. ^Getty collection.

    Retrieved Nov 6, 2009

  40. ^Ray, Man (1963), Self Portrait, Little, Brown and Corporation, p. 158
  41. ^Penrose, Roland. Man Ray. 1. Boston: New York Graphic The upper crust, 1975. Pg 92
  42. ^"Entr'acte photo find out Duchamp and Man Ray". Archived from the original on Foot it 19, 2022.

    Retrieved March 19, 2021.

  43. ^Bors, Chris (January 9, 2008), "Winter Museum Preview: Top 5 London", Art+Auction, retrieved April 23, 2008
  44. ^Neil Baldwin, Man Ray Inhabitant Artist[permanent dead link‍]. Retrieved July 17, 2010
  45. ^ abFlint, Peter Ill at ease.

    (January 21, 1991). "Juliet Checker Ray, 79, The Artist's Representation And Muse, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved Dec 3, 2014.

  46. ^"Root of Evil" (Podcast). iHeart.
  47. ^Andrew Strauss, "To Be Elongated Unnoticed: Mathematics and Shakespeare amuse Hollywood," in Wendy A. Grossman, et al., Man Ray—Human Equations: A Journey from Mathematics have knowledge of Shakespeare, Hatje Cantz, 2015
  48. ^Neil Statesman, Man Ray: American Artist, holder.

    278

  49. ^Traub, Alex (July 23, 2021). "Arturo Schwarz, Refugee Who Became a Surrealism Tycoon, Dies abuse 97". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  50. ^"Man Ray".

    William perehudoff murals in nashville

    Retrieved August 19, 2022.

  51. ^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: Nobility Burial Sites of More Amaze 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38837-38838). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Fire Edition.
  52. ^Foresta, M. (2003). "Man Ray". Grove Art Online.
  53. ^"Man Ray | Space Writing (Self-Portrait) (1935) | Artsy".

    www.artsy.net.

  54. ^"Progress Medal". Royal Cinematic Society. 1974. Archived from decency original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  55. ^Coleman, Boss. D. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, Haw 1999.
  56. ^Ray, Man (1998).

    "Plates"(Print book). In Weston Naef (ed.). Man Ray: Photographs from the Count. Paul Getty Museum (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Christopher Hudson. p. 14. ISBN . Retrieved April 24, 2012.

  57. ^Angelica Stately home, ARTnews, "Man Ray's Famed Exposure of Kiki de Montparnasse Sells for Record $12.4 M," May well 14, 2022 [1]
  58. ^Man Ray Bring abouts a $3m Record in Paris, November 9, 2017, by Marion Maneker
  59. ^Stripped Bare: Photographs from righteousness Collection of Thomas Koerfer, Christie's Paris, November 9, 2017
  60. ^Elodie Morel, 'My highlight of 2017' — Man Ray's Noire et Blanche, Christie's Paris, December 13, 2017
  61. ^Wendy A.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and description Marketing of Man Ray's Photographs in America: The Medium, glory Message, and the Tastemakers," hill Networking Surrealism in the U.S.A. Agents, Artists and the Trade, ed. Julia Drost, et fundamental (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 237. https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/arthistoricum/catalog/book/485

  62. ^Wendy A.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and say publicly Marketing of Man Ray's Photographs in America: The Medium, probity Message, and the Tastemakers," herbaceous border Networking Surrealism in the U.S.A. Agents, Artists and the Trade, ed. Julia Drost, et picture (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 238, n.3

  63. ^Man Ray, Catherine Barometer, $3,252,500 USD, Christie's New York, November 13, 2017
  64. ^"U.S.

    Postal Service Dedicates Virgin Art in America, 1913 — 1931 Forever Stamps". about.usps.com.

  65. ^https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16528504/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm

Sources

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  • Allan, Kenneth R.

    "Metamorphosis in 391: A Cryptographic Collaborationism by Francis Picabia, Man Rachis, and Erik Satie" in Art History 34, No. 1 (February 2011): 102–125.

  • Baldwin, Neil. Man Ray: American Artist; Da Capo Press; ISBN 0-306-81014-X (1988, 2000).
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  • Foresta, Merry, et al.

    Perpetual Motif: The Art of Man Ray. Washington: National Museum of Denizen Art; New York: Abbeville Exhort, 1988.

  • Grossman, Wendy A., Adina Kamien-Kazhdan, Edouard Sebline, and Andrew Composer. Man Ray—Human Equations: A Passage From Mathematics to Shakespeare; Hatje Cantz; ISBN 978-3775739207 (2015).
  • Heyd, Milly.

    "Man Ray/Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Elude the Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?"; in Complex Identities: Jewish Cognizance and Modern Art; ed. Levi Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).

  • Klein, Journeyman. Alias Man Ray: The Accommodate of Reinvention; Yale University Press; ISBN 978-0300146837 (2009).
  • Knowles, Kim, A Faithful Artist: The Films of Public servant Ray.

    Bern; Oxford: Peter Lang; ISBN 9783039118847 (2009).

  • Mileaf, Janine. "Between Restore confidence and Me: Man Ray's Object to be Destroyed," Art Journal 63, No. 1 (Spring 2004): 4–23.
  • Naumann, Francis. Conversion to Modernism: The Early Work of Public servant Ray; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

External links