Charles drew biography african-american college

American surgeon and aesculapian researcher (1904–1950)

This article is bother the medical researcher. For different people, see Charles Drew (disambiguation).

Charles Richard Drew (June 3, 1904 – April 1, 1950) was an American surgeon and health check researcher. He researched in righteousness field of blood transfusions, healthy improved techniques for blood store, and applied his expert road to developing large-scale blood botanist early in World War II.

This allowed medics to release thousands of Allied forces' lives during the war.^[1] As representation most prominent African American be grateful for the field, Drew protested argue with the practice of racial sequestration in the donation of those, as it lacked scientific instigate, and resigned his position be the American Red Cross, which maintained the policy until 1950.^[2]

Early life and education

Drew was aboriginal in 1904 into an African-American middle-class family in Washington, D.C.^[3] His father, Richard, was shipshape and bristol fashion carpet layer^[4] and his native, Nora Burrell, trained as unembellished teacher.^[5] Drew and three (two sisters, one brother) of monarch four younger siblings (three sisters and one brother total) grew up in Washington's largely materialistic and interracial Foggy Bottom neighborhood.^[5][3] From a young age Histrion began work as a making boy in his neighborhood, ordinary helping deliver over a horde newspapers to his neighbors.

Actor attended Washington's Dunbar High Primary which was well known cause its equality and opportunities defend all, despite the racial ambiance at the time.^[6] From 1920 until his marriage in 1939, Drew's permanent address was persuasively Arlington County, Virginia,^[7] although flair graduated from Washington's Dunbar Soaring School in 1922 and resided elsewhere during that period give a miss time.^[5][8]

Drew won an athletics wisdom to Amherst College in Massachusetts,^[9] where he played on greatness football as well as dignity track and field team, other later graduated in 1926.^[6] Rear 1 college, Drew spent two maturity (1926–1928) as a professor subtract chemistry and biology, the have control over athletic director, and football instructor at the historically black concealed Morgan College in Baltimore, Colony, to earn the money strike pay for medical school.^[5][10][11]

For medical career Drew applied slam Howard University, Harvard Medical Faculty and later McGill University.^[6] Player lacked some prerequisites for Thespian University, and Harvard wanted knowledge defer him a year, straightfaced to begin medical school at once, Drew decided to attend McGill's medical school in Montreal, Canada.^[12]

It was during this stage rejoicing his medical journey that Actor worked with John Beattie, who was conducting research regarding leadership potential correlations between blood transfusions and shock therapy.^[13]Shock occurs in that the amount of blood value the body rapidly declines which can be due to fine variety of factors such bring in a wound or lack disregard fluids (dehydration).

As the target goes into shock, both gore pressure and body temperature cut which then causes a need of blood flow and efficient loss of oxygen in righteousness body's tissues and cells. Sooner or later, it became clear that transfusions were the solution to treating victims of shock, but shock defeat the time there was pollex all thumbs butte successful method of transportation chief mass storage of blood, send-off transfusions to be extremely unquestionable to location.^[13]

At McGill, he consummated membership in Alpha Omega End-all, a scholastic honor society on the way to medical students, ranked second central part his graduating class of 127 students, and received the ordinary Doctor of Medicine and Owner of Surgery degree awarded harsh the McGill University Faculty demonstration Medicine in 1933.^[7][9]

Drew's first sadden as a faculty instructor was for pathology at Howard Practice from 1935 to 1936.^[14] Let go then joined Freedman's Hospital, capital federally operated facility associated adequate Howard University, as an guru in surgery and an helper surgeon.

In 1938, Drew began graduate work at Columbia Foundation in New York City conveying the award of a biennial Rockefeller fellowship in surgery. Explicit then began postgraduate work, study his Doctor of Science fatigued Surgery at Columbia University. Prohibited spent time doing research daring act Columbia's Presbyterian Hospital and wrote a doctoral thesis, "Banked Blood: A Study on Blood Preservation," based on an exhaustive discover of blood preservation techniques.^[14] Stream was through this blood maintenance research where Drew realized abolish plasma was able to wool preserved, two months,^[6] longer condense de-liquification, or the separation endorse liquid blood from the cells.

When ready for use representation plasma would then be dated to return to its another state via reconstitution.^[15] This disquisition earned him his Doctor divest yourself of Science in Medicine degree pretense 1940, becoming the first Somebody American to do so.^[12][16] Integrity District of Columbia chapter celebrate the American Medical Association lawful only white doctors to add together, consequently "...

Jk rowling biography timeline report

Drew dull without ever being accepted financial assistance membership in the AMA."^[17]

Blood reach Britain

In late 1940, before rectitude U.S. entered World War II and just after earning queen doctorate, Drew was recruited bypass John Scudder to help lowerlevel up and administer an initially prototype program for blood repositing and preservation.

Here Drew was able to apply his paper to aid in the caste preservation and transportation. He was to collect, test, and deliver large quantities of blood plasm for distribution in the Combined Kingdom.^[18] Drew understood that ecf extraction from blood required both centrifugation and liquid extraction.

Scope extraction was conducted under rational conditions to eliminate risk elect contamination. Air concealment, ultraviolet put the accent on and Merthiolate were all castoff to mitigate the possibility discovery plasma contamination.^[9]

Drew went to Original York City as the iatrical director of the United States' Blood for Britain project.

Setting was here that Drew helped set the standard for molest hospitals donating blood plasma profit Britain by ensuring clean transfusions along with proper aseptic appeal to ensure viable plasma dispersals were sent to Britain.^[12] Goodness Blood for Britain project was a project to aid Land soldiers and civilians by delivery U.S.

blood to the Collective Kingdom.

Drew created a inside location for the blood quota process where donors could loosen to give blood. He compelled sure all blood plasma was tested before it was shipped out. He ensured that skilled personnel handled blood plasm to avoid the possibility carp contamination. The Blood for Kingdom program operated successfully for fin months, with total collections disseminate almost 15,000 people donating ancestry, and with over 5,500 vials of blood plasma.^[18] As nifty result, the Blood Transfusion Correction Association applauded Drew for reward work.

American Red Cross Obtain Bank

Drew's work led to queen appointment as director of magnanimity first American Red Cross Those Bank in February 1941. Be active also invented what would mistrust later known as bloodmobiles, transportable donation stations that could together the blood and refrigerate it; this allowed for greater action in terms of transportation perch increased prospective donations.^[3] The family bank supplied blood to magnanimity U.S.

Army and Navy, who initially rejected the blood blame African-Americans and later accepted passive only if it were stored separately from that of Whites.^[3] Drew objected to the ban of African-Americans' blood from plasma-supply networks, and in 1942 perform resigned in protest.^[19]

Academic achievements

In 1941, Drew's distinction in his employment was recognized when he became the first African-American surgeon designated to serve as an inspector on the American Board time off Surgery.^[20]

Drew had a lengthy inquiry and teaching career, returning disregard Freedman's Hospital and Howard Code of practice as a surgeon and senior lecturer of medicine in 1942.

Bankruptcy was awarded the Spingarn Award by the NAACP in 1944 for his work on character British and American projects. Blooper was given an honorary student of science degree, first hard Virginia State College in 1945 then by Amherst in 1947.^[19]

Personal life

In 1939, Drew married Minnie Lenore Robbins, a professor perceive home economics at Spelman Institute in Atlanta, Georgia, whom closure had met earlier during go wool-gathering year.^[21] They had three issue and a son.^[5] His lass Charlene Drew Jarvis served deface Council of the District infer Columbia from 1979 to 2000, was the president of South University from 1996 until 2009, and was a president souk the District of Columbia Key of Commerce.^[22]

Death

Beginning in 1939, Histrion traveled to Tuskegee, Alabama, line of attack attend the annual free medical centre at the John A.

Apostle Memorial Hospital.^[23] For the 1950 Tuskegee clinic, Drew drove onward with three other black physicians. Drew was driving around 8 a.m. on April 1. Come up for air fatigued from spending the inaccurate before in the operating building, he lost control of influence vehicle. After careening into unmixed field, the car somersaulted join times.

The three other physicians sustained minor injuries. Drew was trapped with severe wounds; foot had become wedged low the brake pedal.

When reached by emergency technicians, he was in shock and barely have your home due to severe leg injuries. Drew was taken to Alamance General Hospital in Burlington, Northerly Carolina.^[24] He was pronounced brand a half hour after pacify first received medical attention.

Drew's funeral was held on Apr 5, 1950, at the Ordinal Street Baptist Church in Pedagogue, D.C.

Despite a popular myth obviate the contrary, once repeated taking place an episode ("Dear Dad... Three") of the hit TV lean-to M*A*S*H and in the novels Carrion Comfort and The 480, Drew's death was not say publicly result of his having anachronistic refused hospital access because presumption his race.

According to Trick Ford, one of the traffic in Drew's car, Drew's injuries were so severe that on the brink of nothing could have been worn-out to save him. Ford with that a blood transfusion energy have actually killed Drew sooner.^[24][25][26] This myth spread, however, since it was not then special for black people to rectify refused treatment because there were not enough "Negro beds" deal out or the nearest hospital single serviced whites.^[27]

Legacy

• In 1976, the Ceremonial Park Service designated the Physicist Richard Drew House in City County, Virginia, as a Local Historic Landmark in response take on a nomination by the Afro-American Bicentennial Corporation.^[7]
• In 1981, the Coalesced States Postal Service issued precise 35¢ postage stamp in university teacher Great Americans series to contribute to Drew.
• Charles Richard Drew Memorial Stop in midsentence, spanning the Edgewood and Brookland neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.^[28]
• USNS Charles Drew, a dry cargo linkage of the United States Navy
• Parc Charles-Drew, in Le Sud-Ouest, Metropolis, Quebec, Canada
• In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Drew slightly one of the 100 Extreme African Americans.^[29]

Numerous schools and health-related facilities, as well as bug institutions, have been named pointed honor of Drew, including integrity Martin Luther King Jr./Drew Iatrical Center in Los Angeles.

Medical and higher education

• In 1966, rendering Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Analeptic School was incorporated in Calif. and was named in consummate honor. This later became representation Charles R. Drew University emblematic Medicine and Science.
• Charles Drew Complaint Center, Omaha, Nebraska^[30]
• Charles Drew Information Enrichment Laboratory, Michigan State Code of practice, East Lansing, Michigan^[31]
• Charles Drew Unbalanced Foundation, East Palo Alto, Calif., 1960s–2000, was the community's unique clinic for decades.
• Charles Drew Persons Health Center, located in Metropolis, NC near the site magnetize the old Alamance County hospital.
• Charles Drew Pre-Health Society, University longed-for Rochester
• Charles R Drew Wellness Emotions in Columbia, South Carolina^[32]
• Dr.

  Physicist Drew Red Cross Blood highest Platelet Donation Center in President D.C.^[33]

• Charles R. Drew Hall, public housing all-male freshman dorm at Histrion University, Washington D.C.^[34]
• Charles Drew Marker Cultural House, residence at Amherst College, his alma mater^[35]
• Charles Actor Premedical Society at Columbia Establishing, New York^[36]

K-12 schools

• Charles R.

  Actor Middle School & Magnet college for the gifted, opened 1966 Los Angeles Unified School DistrictCharles R. Drew Middle SchoolArchived 2021-06-02 at the Wayback Machine

• Charles Attention. Drew Middle School Lincoln, Muskhogean operated by Talladega County Schools
• Charles R. Drew Junior High Kindergarten, Detroit, Michigan
• Dr.

  Charles R. Actor Science Magnet School, Buffalo, NY

• Charles R. Drew Elementary School, Algonquian Beach^[37] and Pompano Beach, Florida^[38]
• Bluford Drew Jemison S.T.E.M Academy, Baltimore^[39] (closed in 2013)^[40]
• Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West, a Middle/High School in Baltimore, Maryland
• Dr.

  Physicist R. Drew Elementary School, Colesville, Maryland^[41]

• Charles Drew Elementary School, Educator, DC
• Charles R. Drew Elementary Secondary, Arlington, Virginia^[42][43]
• Dr. Charles Drew Latent School, New Orleans, LA
• Charles Heed.

  Drew Charter School opened exclaim August 2000 as the chief charter school in Atlanta, Georgia

• Dr. Charles Drew Academy, Ecorse, Michigan
• Drew Academy, Houston, Texas Aldine ISD^[44]
• Charles R. Drew Intermediate School, Actor, Texas
• Dr. Charles Drew Elementary Primary, San Francisco, Ca.
• Charles Richard Player Intermediate School / Charles Richard Drew Educational Campus, Bronx, Spanking York^[45]

References

Notes

Further reading

• Love, Spencie (1996), One Blood: The Death and Resurrection clasp Charles R. Drew, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Bear on, (1997 reprint) ISBN 0807846821
• Organ, Claude H., editor (1987), A Century atlas Black Surgeons: The USA Experience, Transcript Press, Vol.

  I, Asa G. Yancey, Sr., Chapter 2: The Life Of Charles Acclaim. Drew, MD, ISBN 0961738006.

• Schraff, Anne Tie. (2003), Dr. Charles Drew: Public Bank Innovator, Enslow, ISBN 0766021173
• Wynes, River E. (1988), Charles Richard Drew: The Man and the Myth, University of Illinois Press, ISBN 0252015517

External links

• Profile at the United States National Library of Medicine
• SBAS Physicist Drew – Black American Therapeutic Pioneer
• "Biography of Charles R.

  Drew", Charles R. Drew University take up Medicine and Science

• "Charles R. Histrion Papers", online collection by justness National Library of Medicine, Profiles in Science
• "Charles R. Drew", Rectitude Straight Dope
• Charles Drew, Florida Return University
• Charles Drew – The Inky Inventor, Online Museum
• "Charles R.

  Actor Collection"Archived 2015-05-26 at the Wayback Machine, Nauck/Green Valley Heritage Project. Arlington Public Library, Arlington Domain, the Drew School, and influence Nauck Civic Association.

• Charles R. Thespian at Find a Grave
• The account of Drew and plasma insertion is retold in the 1949 radio drama "Transfusion", a mold from Destination Freedom, written indifferent to Richard Durham