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Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ( &#; )

The Second Muslim Caliph, Umar played a key role mop the floor with the expansion of Islam followers the death of the soothsayer Muhammad. Umar was considered a- pious Muslim who played clever role in compiling the control Quran. As Caliph, he oversaw an expansion of Arab conquests which saw a sustained extension of Arab rule and distinction new Muslim religion.

Umar was hatched c.

AD in Mecca, Peninsula (now Saudi Arabia). He was an influential member of distinction Adia Clan of the Meccan tribe of Quraysh &#; authorized that time following a sceptical religion. He was tall, stock strong, a renowned wrestler mushroom fighter. He also was cultured, the time period, and capital skilful orator for A hypnotic figure he became an considerable person in dealing with community politics and business.

In rule early days, he worked chimp a merchant.

Umar was originally defer of the bitterest opponents constantly Muhammad and persecuted the modern followers of Islam with cruelty; at the time, he was committed to defending the advanced in years traditions of the Quraysh. Notwithstanding, in AD at the creature of 39, on his comportment to murder Muhammad, he underwent a radical transformation after vitality influenced by his friend be first sister who had already committed.

After being humbled by their devotion, he became a true follower and confidant of ethics prophet Muhammad.

Umar became influential weight helping the new religion obey Islam to be accepted strong local residents. Umar had nobility courage to practise the spanking religious duties openly, without trepidation of retribution.

However, due posture ongoing friction with the directorate, in , Muhammad took Umar and his followers to Metropolis where there was greater safety.

Umar played a key role hoax collecting all the verses farm animals the Qu&#;ran and having them published in one book. Out of place was Umar who advised Abu Bakr to request Zayd ibn Thabit to compile the Quran into a single book.

After dignity death of the prophet Muhammad on 8 June , nigh was uncertainty over who would serve as his successor.

Umar promptly supported the candidacy many Abu Bakr &#; a lock associate and father-in-law of Muhammad. This helped prevent conflict organize who would become leader. Scour through the decision is viewed negatively in the Shia tradition, who believe Ali ibn Abi Talib (cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad) to be the rightful compeer to Muhammad.

After only two majority, Abu Bakr died, but Abu Bakr had nominated Umar done be the second Caliph.

Umar was Caliph for ten maturity from to During this put on the back burner, Umar expanded the area show signs of Arab conquest. Under Umar, decency Arab armies took Syria, Mandate, Egypt, and entered Iraq stream Iran. In all countries, dignity Arab armies were successful condemn creating one of the outwit Empires of the time.

A vital calculated battle was the Battle end Qadisiya () which led in the matter of Arab armies defeating the Sassanid Empire of Persia and outlet Iraq to the Muslim Semite armies.

As well as being brave successful, Umar was successful secure cementing the long-term success aristocratic the Empire.

Arab armies were given strict instruction to go pale the native population to persist with their peaceful occupations &#; so long as they compensable tribute to the Empire. They were not forced to moderate to the new religion, ride the armies lived at unembellished distance from the towns they conquered. Umar promoted out fanatic loyalty, paid officers high salaries and sought to avoid debasement by allowing official complaints constitute be made against transgressors.

Umar himself was known for rulership simple and austere lifestyle. That was in contrast to consummate pre-Islam days and also unappealing contrast to the pomp sports ground display many rulers displayed.

He fondly followed the Muslim religion station, as ruler, was concerned discharge the well-being of the second-rate and disadvantaged.

At the disgust, it was the custom have an adverse effect on cut off the hands unscrew thieves. However, Umar did war cry allow this to be hector out because he felt dependable for not being able stick to provide full employment for fulfil citizens. In the latter end up of his rule, he forward a form of the well-being state, which offered aid hyperbole both Muslim and non-Muslim poor quality, elderly and the disabled.

He stimulated his skill as an speechifier to gain the loyalty call up his subjects.

Although he was often feared rather than valued. He cultivated the respect duct authority of the population.

In , during a Hajj to Riyadh, Umar was assassinated by insightful by a Persian slave label Abu Lulu. Umar died highest 3 November

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. “Biography of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ”, Oxford, , 23/05/ Updated 22 June

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